Suicidal Ideation as a Multifactorial Concept: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Risk Factors in Women Cristina Rea-Rodríguez Esteban Agulló-Tomás José Antonio Llosa Sara Menéndez‐Espina Beatriz Oliveros Laura Mateos‐González suicidal ideation women psychosocial risk factors social support financial insecurity job insecurity sociodemographic factors income educational attainment marital status cultural factors traumatic events COVID-19 pandemic 2008 financial crisis mental health Suicidal ideation is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that has been widely studied over the years, although many of these studies have mainly reflected a clinical component, focussing on risk factors and causes from a medical perspective. This systematic review focuses on the importance of psychosocial factors in order to understand the phenomenon as a whole. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched following the PRISMA methodology, including empirical studies related to suicidal ideation and its variables. Post‐2008 studies were selected since the global financial crisis marked a structural change in the economy and public policies, affecting key variables that may influence the results. Previous studies may not reflect current economic and social conditions. In total, 22 studies were included, providing evidence on the most significant risk factors for suicidal ideation in the female population, highlighting those related to mental health, stress, social support, sociodemographic factors and contextual and cultural factors. Within these blocks, variables associated with social support, both emotional and instrumental, played a crucial role, as did sociodemographic and economic factors, such as income level, educational level and marital status. In addition, financial and job insecurity were found to increase women’s vulnerability to suicidal ideation. Contextual and cultural factors, such as geographical location, culture, traumatic experiences or structural changes, including the pandemic, were also identified as key determinants. 2026 en info:eu-repo/semantics/article journal-article https://doi.org/10.1155/hsc/7128705 Health & Social Care in the Community Health & Social Care in the Community urn:issn:0966-0410 urn:issn:1365-2524 Health & Social Care in the Community, 2026, vol. 2026, n. 1 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess cc-by https://doi.org/10.1155/hsc/7128705 Q1 Good health and well-being Gender equality Reduced inequalities Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the GHQ-28 suicidal ideation index in Spain and Mexico Lucía Fernández-Alba Cristina Rea-Rodríguez José Antonio Llosa Esteban Agulló Tomás Esperanza Vargas Jiménez GHQ-28 suicidal ideation cross-cultural adaptation psychometric validation measurement invariance suicide risk screening Spanish-speaking populations Spain Mexico psychotropic drug use gender differences BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally and its early detection is key to prevention. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 questionnaire in the general population in Spain and Mexico, evaluating its validity and psychometric reliability, as well as its usefulness for cross-cultural studies. RESULTS: The research was developed with a total sample of 6377 people; 5573 in Spain and 804 in Mexico. The statistical analysis was divided into two studies: one to validate the index within each country and the other to assess its factorial invariance across countries. Factor analyses confirmed a unidimensional structure of the index, composed of four items related to suicidal thoughts. High levels of reliability were obtained and the invariance of the instrument by gender, psychotropic drug use and country was demonstrated, allowing its comparative use in cross-cultural research. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent use of the GHQ-28 in mental health, there was no formal validation of its specific index for suicidal ideation in Spanish-speaking contexts. This study offers the first formal validation of the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 in Spanish-speaking populations. The index showed a unidimensional structure, high reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, psychotropic drug use, and country. These results support its use as a reliable tool for detecting suicidal ideation and for cross-cultural research in mental health. 2025 en info:eu-repo/semantics/article journal-article https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03042-y BMC Psychology BMC Psychology urn:issn:2050-7283 BMC Psychology, 2025, vol. 13, n. 1, p. 692 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess cc-by-nc-nd https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40359-025-03042-y Q1 doaj pubmed Good health and well-being Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Apoyo social en mujeres en situación de pobreza laboral. Un análisis de factores y desafíos de género 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart book-chapter cris:cris-214a61d9 Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades: Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublishe Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades: Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublishe Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades: Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublishe, 2024 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Libro de resúmenes Anthony Constant Millán David Aguado Borja Artiñano Jean David Polo V. Mendoza Villadiego, Angellys Magdalena Ahumada Elisa Ansoleaga Elena Soto-Contreras Lilian Teresa García Pérez Merlyn Maritza Grueso Romero Genís Cervantes Adanéys Álvarez Blanch, Josep M. Betty Luz Ruiz Ruiz Silvana Regina Ampessan Marcon Lília Aparecida Kanan Luana Folchini da Costa João Ignácio Pires Lucas Magda Macedo Madalozzo Maria Carolina da Silveira Moesch Aristeo Santos López Paola Ochoa David Coello-Montecel Ninfa Pulido-Moreno Érico Rentería Pérez Ana María Velasco-Vivas Fátima Díaz Bambula Juan Carlos Velásquez Valencia Lilian González María Laura Henry Johana Sánchez Wilner Arbey Riascos Sánchez Daisy Silva Jaime Fernando Medina Rojas João Manuel Saveia Berenice Legorreta Rebollo Maricruz Gonzales Tomiyama Maribel Garzón Mejía Vivian Aline Mininel Alexander Almeida Diego Fernando Viera Bravo Karol Andrea Trochez Trujillo Sandra Milena Muñoz Héctor Seco Soledad Marzoa Martina Fernández Mariana Seco Andrés Carvajales Julio César Neffa Silvia Franco Fernando Tomasina Graciela Giuzio María Magdalena Garcés Julia Bomfim Felippe Santos Monteiro Campos, Luís Antônio Ana Lucia Mendes Teixeira Jamile Gomes Mary Sandra Carlotto Sonia Maritza Matabanchoy Tulcan Christian Zambrano Guerrero Diego Muñoz Muñoz Axel Yael García Maldonado Danna Fernanda Díaz Olivo Alexandra Barragán Morales Estrella Steicy Ramos Velázquez João Pedro Borges Ferrari Mariana Calesso Moreira Mayte Raya Amazarray Mendoza Villadiego, Angellys Isabel Juan Camilo Mendoza Arango Gabriela Solis Barahona Angie Cuatin Figueroa Jeraldine Milena Matabajoy-Montilla Renata Piedade Schweiger Willian Sierra Barón Irma Yaneth Gómez María Gabriela González Daniel Felipe Murillo Vega José Matamala Pizarro Javiera Belmar-Riquelme Fernando Contreras Felipe Pérez Roberta Belizário Alves Thiago Drumond Moraes Alline Alves de Sousa Magnus Matheus da Silva Nogueira Bárbara Simões Moulin Naely da Silva Lazamé Pamela Peña Homez Angie Paola Zea Díaz María José Herrera Palomino Yurley Yuliana García Garnica Caio Henrique Meira Muniz Julia Gonçalves Clara Faes Schönardie Adriana Corine García Benítez José Daniel Arteaga Santos Cristina Kuster Valentim Daniel Amorim Cavalcanti Sara Menéndez Espina Cristina Rea Rodríguez Ilustraciones 2025 es info:eu-repo/semantics/book book cris:cris-59aa550a Digital Library (University of San Buenaventura Colombia) Digital Library (University of San Buenaventura Colombia) Digital Library (University of San Buenaventura Colombia), 2025 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess cc-by-nc-nd https://hdl.handle.net/10819/31564 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Workforall International Project, un ecosistema de investigación crítica y colaborativa 2025 info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart book-chapter cris:cris-6a8111c7 2025 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal El apoyo social bajo la perspectiva de género y el empleo en pobreza 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart book-chapter cris:cris-b9010175 Corresponsabilidad, espacios de cuidados y políticas públicas de igualdad de género en Iberoamérica Corresponsabilidad, espacios de cuidados y políticas públicas de igualdad de género en Iberoamérica Corresponsabilidad, espacios de cuidados y políticas públicas de igualdad de género en Iberoamérica, 2024 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Social psychology of work and universal basic income: Renewing the understanding of labour precariousness 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article journal-article cris:cris-eb800ac4 Aposta Aposta Aposta, 2024 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal Acceso Vital. Abordaje del fenómeno Non-Take-Up del Ingreso Mínimo Vital en Asturias. 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart book-chapter cris:cris-edc99a00 Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades. Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublisher Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades. Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublisher Inclusión social, rentas mínimas y desigualdades. Perspectivas académicas y de intervención socialPublisher, 2024 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Padre Ossó https://www.facultadpadreosso.es/investigacion/portal